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Chemistry

Elements, compounds and mixtures

Formulations and their uses

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Chemistry practicals

Investigating distillation methods

Investigating the composition of inks

Investigating acids and alkalis

Preparing soluble and insoluble salts

Investigating electrolysis

Investigating rates of reaction

Fuels and Earth science

Hydrocarbons and crude oil

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Cracking

Evolution of the Earth's atmosphere

Greenhouse gases and climate change

Rates of reaction and energy changes

Calculating rates of reactions

Catalysts

Endothermic and exothermic reactions

Energy changes in reactions

Bond energy calculations - Higher

Groups in the periodic table

Group 1: properties and reactivity

Group 7: properties and reactions

Group 0: properties and reactivity

Extracting metals and equilibria

The reactivity series of metals

Extracting metals

Biological methods of metal extraction - Higher

Reducing the use of resources

Life cycle assessments

Reversible reactions and equilibria

Position of equilibrium - Higher

Chemical changes

Acids, bases and pH

Strong and weak acids - Higher

Reactions of acids

Electrolysis

States of matter and mixtures

Changes of state

Substance types and determining purity

Filtration and crystallisation

Chromatography: phases and calculations

Potable water, treatment and purification

Key concepts

Chemical equations

Ionic equations and half equations - Higher

Hazards, risks and precautions

The history of the atom

The atom and isotopes

Calculating relative masses

Calculating relative atomic mass - Higher

The history of the periodic table

Electronic configuration

Ions and their formation

Ionic bonding: properties of compounds and naming

Covalent bonding

Giant covalent substances

Metallic bonding and alloys

Conservation of mass

Molecular and empirical formulae

Mole calculations and Avogadro's constant - Higher

Concentrations of solutions

Limiting reactants and masses - Higher

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Measuring techniques

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Designing experiments

Methods of heating substances

Working with electronics

Random sampling and sampling methods

Comparing results using percentage change

Working scientifically

The scientific method

Science communication and ethics

Evaluating risks and hazards

Collecting data

Processing and presenting data

Units and equations

Structuring a scientific report and drawing conclusions

Uncertainties and evaluations

Explainer Video

Tutor: Lana

Summary

Formulations and their uses

In a nutshell

Formulations are made up of several different compounds and/or elements which are used in specific quantities. The type of chemicals can be changed and the quantities can be altered to make the formulation more suitable for a different function.

Formulations

A pure substance is one which contains only one type of compound or element.

Formulations are mixtures which contain specific amounts of several compounds and/or elements. The type of substances used and the quantities they are used in determine the properties of the formulation and therefore its function.

Formulations are created for a specific purpose and each formulation is made using a different recipe.

Useful formulations

Formulations are found in products used in everyday life such as fuels, cosmetics, perfume, processed foods and fertilisers.

Example	Explanation
*Medical pills*	Medical pills are made up of drugs, binders and preservatives. The formulation of pills are carefully selected to ensure that the drugs are delivered to the target in the correct concentration, the pills have a sufficient shelf life and can be easily consumed.
*Paint*	Paint is made up of several components: pigment, solvent, binder and additives. The quantity and type of chemicals can be altered to give a different colour or thickness, therefore making the paint suitable for a different purpose.
*Perfume*	Perfume is made up of fragrances, which give the perfume its characteristic smell, and solvent which prevents different layers of liquid from forming.
*Processed food*	Processed food is made up of ingredients which give the desired flavour, texture and preservatives which ensure that the shelf life is suitable.

Learn with Basics

Length:

Unit 1

Atoms, elements and compounds

Unit 2

Pure substances and mixtures

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Optional

Unit 3