Nanoparticles: uses and hazards
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Explainer Video
Summary
Nanoparticles: uses and hazards
In a nutshell
Nanoparticles are particles which are very tiny with a diameter between and . This is the same as being between and .
Surface area to volume ratio
The surface area to volume ratio is a way of representing how large the surface area is in comparison to volume. As the particle gets larger, the volume increases at a faster rate than their surface area. So, larger particles have a smaller surface area to volume ratio. This means that the surface area to volume ratio for nanoparticles is large. This means less material is required to work effectively compared to a larger material. This makes them useful as catalysts. This is shown in the table below.
Example
Particle |  |
 |  |
Surface area | | | |
Volume | | | |
Surface area to volume ratio | | | |
Uses of nanoparticles
Nanoparticles have a wide variety of uses. These are described below.
Use | Description |
| Nanomedicine | Nanoparticles are very small so they may be able to deliver drugs more effectively than normal sized particles. |
| Electrical conductor | Nanoparticles can be used in computer chips as they are very small. |
| Cosmetics | Nanoparticles have been used in moisturisers without making them oily. |
| Sun cream | Nanoparticles absorb UV light but are not seen on the skin. |
| Medical applications | Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial properties so they can be used in medical equipment like surgical masks. |
Catalysts | Nanoparticles make good catalysts as you will need less of the material to have the same effect. |
Hazards
The full impact of nanoparticles is unknown and further research needs to be done regarding the effects of nanoparticles on the human body. However, it is possible that they can take a long time to break down and they could easily be breathed in or absorbed through the skin. The consequences of this are unknown.
FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions
What are nanoparticles?
Nanoparticles are particles which are very tiny with a diameter between 1 nm and 100 nm.
What is the surface area to volume ratio?
The surface area to volume ratio is a way of representing how large the surface area is in comparison to volume.
Why are silver nanoparticles used?
Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial properties so they can be used in medical equipment like surgical masks.