Present perfect : terminaisons et utilisations
L’essentiel en quelques mots
Aujourd’hui, tu vas apprendre comment utiliser un nouveau temps du passé : le "present perfect". Tu peux t’en servir pour décrire un événement passé sans indication de temps spécifique, ou pour une action se poursuivant jusqu’au présent. C’est parti !
Info : Le "present perfect"
Tu formes le "present perfect" en conjuguant l'auxiliaire "to have" et en le combinant avec le "past participle" (prétérit 2 ou participe passé). Voici un tableau avec des exemples que tu peux retenir :
PERSONNE | TO SEE | TO BE | TO GO | TO HAVE |
| 1ère Pers. Sg. | I have seen | I have been | I have gone | I have had |
| 2ème Pers. Sg. | you have seen | you have been | you have gone | you have had |
| 3ème Pers. Sg. | he, she, it has seen | he, she, it has been
| he, she, it has gone | he, she, it has had |
| 1ère Pers. Pl. | we have seen | we have been | we have gone | we have had |
| 2ème Pers. Pl. | you have seen | you have been | you have gone | you have had |
| 3ème Pers. Pl. | they have seen | they have been | they have gone | they have had |
Tu entendras souvent les formes abrégées, surtout à l’oral :
PERSONNE | TO SEE | TO BE | TO GO | TO HAVE |
| 1ère Pers. Sg. | I’ve seen | I’ve been | I’ve gone | I’ve had |
| 2ème Pers. Sg. | you’ve seen | you’ve been | you’ve gone | you’ve had |
| 3ème Pers. Sg. | he’s seen | she’s been | it’s gone | she’s had |
| 1ère Pers. Pl. | we’ve seen | we’ve been | we’ve gone | we’ve had |
| 2ème Pers. Pl. | you’ve seen | you’ve been | you’ve gone | you’ve had |
| 3ème Pers. Pl. | they’ve seen | they’ve been | they’ve gone | they’ve had |
Exemples :
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Événements passés si aucune période (spécifique) n'est mentionnée
| J’ai lu beaucoup de livres. I’ve read many books. |
-
Action commencée dans le passé et qui se poursuit dans le présent
| Ils se sont éloignés l'un de l'autre au cours des derniers mois. They have grown apart from each other over the last few months. |
Note : Dès qu'une indication de temps est donnée, il ne faut pas utiliser le "present perfect". Le "past simple" est destiné à de tels cas.
Exemples :
J’ai complété le puzzle (aujourd’hui).
I have completed the puzzle.
I have completed the puzzle today.
I completed the puzzle today.
Note : Tu dois retenir les formes du prétérit 2, aussi appelé "participe passé", pour les verbes irréguliers car la terminaison est particulière pour chacun de ces verbes. Voici quelques verbes très courants que tu peux apprendre par cœur :
VERBE EN FRANÇAIS | BASE VERBALE | PRÉTÉRIT I | PARTICIPE PASSÉ/ PRÉTÉRIT II |
| Chanter | sing | sang | sung |
| Danser | dance | danced | danced |
| Être | be | was / were | been |
| Venir | come | came | come |
| Faire | do | did | done |
| Manger | eat | ate | eaten |
| Tomber | fall | fell | fallen |
| Trouver | find | found | found |
| Voler | fly | flew | flown |
| Aller | go | went | gone |
| Avoir | have | had | had |
| Écouter | hear | heard | heard |
| Dire | say | said | said |
| Voir | see | saw | seen |
| Dormir | sleep | slept | slept |
| Parler | speak | spoke | spoken |
| Se tenir debout | stand | stood | stood |
| Nager | swim | swam | swum |
| Écrire | write | wrote | written |
