The rock cycle and weathering
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Explainer Video
Summary
The rock cycle and weathering
In a nutshell
There are three types of rock on Earth: sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rock, which are recycled in the rock cycle. Weathering, heat and pressure are important conditions required for the rock cycle.
Weathering
Rock on the Earth's surface is broken down in a process known as weathering. There are three types of weathering: biological, physical and chemical weathering. Once a rock has been broken down, the smaller bits of rock can be transported away
Weathering type | Examples |
| Physical | Abrasion (scraping), caused by wind and water. |
| Chemical | Carbonation, caused by the reaction of rocks with carbonic acid. |
| Biological | Root growth and microorganisms can break down rocks. |
Rock cycle - key steps
The rock cycle shows how rocks transition between sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks.
PROCEDURE
1. | Molten rock or magma (A) can cool down to form igneous rock (B). |
| 2. | Weathering breaks rock down into small particles called sediment(C). |
| 3. | Sediment is transported by rivers and deposited at sea, forming layers of rock. Compaction (squashing) and cementation (gluing) of sediment forms sedimentary rock (D) |
| 4. | Pressure and heat underground converts sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock (E). |
| 5. | Melting of rock to form molten rock (magma)- back to step 1 and the cycle continues. |
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FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions
What is igneous rock?
Igneous rock is rock formed by the cooling of magma.
What is sedimentary rock?
Sedimentary rock is rock made from small particles called sediment.
What is weathering?
Weathering is where rocks break down by chemical, physical or biological causes.
What is the rock cycle?
The rock cycle is a process in which sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks are recycled.
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