Everything to learn better...

Home

Science

Human reproduction

Human reproduction and gestation

Human reproduction and gestation

Select Lesson

Explainer Video

Loading...
Tutor: Jasmine

Summary

Human reproduction and gestation

In a nutshell

Reproduction is the creation of new life. Humans reproduce by sexual reproduction, during sexual reproduction sperm from a male has fertilised an egg from a female forming an embryo. This embryo develops into a foetus and the foetus grows inside the mother's uterus during gestation. After 40 weeks40\ weeks​, a baby is born. 



Fertilisation and development

Fertilisation and development occurs in five stages.


1.

Ovulation

An egg is released from an ovary of a female.

2.

Copulation

Sperm from the male is released into the female's vagina during sexual intercourse.

3.

Fertilisation

The nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse , the fertilised egg is called a zygote.

4.

Cell division

24 hours24\ hours​ after fertilisation, the fertilised egg has divided into two. After four days it has divided into 3232​ cells, it is now an embryo.

5.

Implantation

One week after fertilisation, the embryo implants onto the uterus wall and the placenta begins to form.



Gestation

Definition

The time it takes the foetus to develop in the uterus is known as gestation. The foetus relies on its mother for protection against knocks, bumps, and temperature changes, oxygen for respiration, nutrients (food and water) and removal of waste substances such as carbon dioxide. 


Substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the mother and foetus through the placenta. The placenta grows on the wall of the uterus and is attached to the foetus via the umbilical cord.




Development of the embryo

The embryo will follow certain developmental milestones. These are listed in the table below. 


Time

Description

1 month1\ month​​

The embryo is 6 mm6\ mm​ long. It has a brain, heart, eyes, ears and legs.

9 weeks9\ weeks​​

The body is now 25 mm25\ mm​ long and completely formed. It is now called a foetus.

3 months3\ months​​

The foetus is 53 mm 53\ mm​ long.

5 months5\ months​​

The foetus is now 160 mm160\ mm​ long. It kicks and has fingernails.

7 months7\ months​​

The foetus is now 370 mm370\ mm​ long and viable. This means it has a fair chance of surviving if it was born now.

39 weeks39\ weeks​​

The foetus is 520 mm 520\ mm​ long and fully developed. It is ready to be born.

Create an account to read the summary

Exercises

Create an account to complete the exercises

FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions

What is gestation?

How do humans reproduce?

What is reproduction?

Beta

I'm Vulpy, your AI study buddy! Let's study together.