Seeds, seed dispersal and germination
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Summary
Seeds, seed dispersal and germination
In a nutshell
A fertilised egg becomes a seed. The seed is dispersed and germinates to produce a new plant.
Seed formation
After fertilisation, the flower dies and the petals fall off. This leaves behind a fruit with seeds. The ovary becomes the fruit and it contains the seeds. Some fruits can be recognised easily (such as common edible fruits) but some fruits can not be easily recognised and they might be dry and tough.
Seed dispersal
The seeds must be moved away from the parent plant to prevent overcrowding. If too many plants grow in the same area, they may not get all the light and water they need to make their food. This means some of the plants may die. There are various ways that seeds can be dispersed.
Dispersal | Description |
| Animals | The fruits may be eaten by animals and the seeds may come out in their droppings. Fruits may also get stuck to some animals and they can carry them away. |
| Wind | If the fruit is light then the seeds can be carried by the wind. ExampleDandelions are carried in the wind. |
| Explosion | Some fruits are pods and they can dry up. When they dry up, they split open and release their seeds. ExamplePeas grow in pods and disperse by explosion. |
Germination
Definition
Germination is when seeds start to grow. A seed will germinate when the environment is just right. To be able to germinate, the seeds need warmth, air and water. Seeds do not need light to germinate as they have their own food store.
| 1. | The seed will crack and a root will form that grows downwards into the soil in search of water and nutrients. |
| 2. | A small shoot will grow upwards towards the light. |
| 3. | Eventually, the shoot will grow leaves that can photosynthesise to produce food for the new plant. |
FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions
Why are seeds dispersed?
The seeds must be moved away from the parent plant to prevent overcrowding. If too many plants grow in the same area, they may not get all the light and water they need to make their food.
What does a seed need to germinate?
To be able to germinate, the seeds need warmth, air and water. Seeds do not need light to germinate as they have their own food store.
What is germination?
Germination is when seeds start to grow. A seed will germinate when the environment is just right.