The sine rule
In a nutshell
The sine rule is used to work out the missing lengths or angles in any type of triangle. There are two forms of the sine rule you will need to know.
The sine rule formula
The sine rule is used when you have a side-angle pair (e.g. side b and angle B), and either another side or another angle. There are two forms of the sine rule: The side form and the angle form.
Side form | Angle form |
sin(A)a=sin(B)b=sin(C)c | asin(A)=bsin(B)=csin(C) |
This is for a triangle with sides a,b,c and corresponding angles A,B,C.
Example 1
A triangle has angles A and B which are 40∘ and 70∘ respectively. If the side a is 5cm long, what is the length of side b to 1 decimal place?
Use the sine rule to form an equation involving the given values of A, B, a and the unknown value of b:
sin(A)a=sin(B)b
Substitute the known values:
sin(40)5=sin(70)b
Solve for b:
b=sin(70)×sin(40)5=7.309511...
b=7.3 cm (1d.p.)
Example 2
In △ABC, AB=12 cm, BC=15 cm and ∠CAB=75∘. Find angle B and C.
To solve angles use the angle form of the sine rule:
asin(A)=bsin(B)=csin(C)
Substitute the known values:
15sin(75)=12sin(B)
Solve for angle B:
1512sin(75)=sin(B)
B=sin−1(1512sin(75))=50.60063...
B=50.6∘(1d.p.)
Angles in a triangle add up to 180∘. Use this to find angle C:
180−50.6−75=
C=54.4∘(1.dp)