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Multiplying decimals by whole numbers

Multiplying decimals by whole numbers

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Explainer Video

Tutor: Alice

Summary

Multiplying decimals by whole numbers

In a nutshell

Multiplying decimals by whole numbers is very much like multiplying any other pair of numbers together. The only added step is to make sure that the decimal point is added to the  correct column.



Multiplying by a one-digit number

When multiplying a decimal by a one-digit number, short multiplication can be used, just like when multiplying two whole numbers.


procedure

1.

Set out the calculation:

  • Write out the place value columns and a column for the decimal point.
  • Place the decimal's digits in the correct columns and the whole number underneath in the ones column.

2.

Multiply each digit of the decimal number by the single digit from right to left.​

3.

Carrying when required, write out the answer in the space below, using the correct place value columns.

4.

Add back in the decimal point, positioned directly under the decimal column.


Example 1​

What is 1.56×31.56\times31.56×3?


Set out the calculation.

TO.TthHth1.56×3\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{T} & \text{O} &.&\text{Tth} & \text{Hth} \\& & 1 & . &5&6 \\\times & & 3&&& \\ \hline&&&& \\ \hline&&&&\end{array}×​T​O13​..​Tth5​Hth6​​​​


Multiply each digit of the decimal by three, carrying as necessary.

TO.TthHth1.56×346811\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{T} & \text{O} &.&\text{Tth} & \text{Hth} \\& & 1 & . &5&6 \\\times & &3 &&& \\ \hline&&4&&6&8 \\ \hline&&^1&&^1&\end{array}×​T​O1341​..​Tth561​Hth68​​

​

Add back in the decimal point.

TO.TthHth1.56×34.6811\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{T} & \text{O} &.&\text{Tth} & \text{Hth} \\& & 1 & . &5&6 \\\times & & 3&&& \\ \hline&&4&.&6&8 \\ \hline&&^1&&^1&\end{array}×​T​O1341​...​Tth561​Hth68​​

​​

​1.56×3=4.68‾1.56\times3=\underline{4.68} 1.56×3=4.68​


Multiply by a two-or-more-digit number

The method of multiply a two-or-more-digit number is the same. However, this time, long multiplication is needed.


Procedure

1.

Set out the calculation (as before).

2.

Multiply each digit of the decimal number by the each digit of the whole number from right to left.

3.

Carrying where required, write out the answer to each one below the other in the answer space, using the correct place value columns.

4.

Add back in the decimal , positioned directly under the decimal column.​

​​​

Example 2

What is 6.32×326.32\times326.32×32?


Set out the calculation.

TO.TthHth6.32×32\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{T} & \text{O} &.&\text{Tth} & \text{Hth} \\& & 6 & . &3&2 \\\times & 3& 2&&& \\ \hline&&&& \\ \hline&&&&\end{array}×​T3​O62​..​Tth3​Hth2​​​​


Multiply each digit of the decimal by two, carrying where necessary.

HTO.TthHth6.32×3211264\begin{array}{cccc}&\text{H}& \text{T} & \text{O} &.&\text{Tth} & \text{Hth} \\&& & 6 & . &3&2 \\\times& & 3& 2&&& \\ \hline&&^11&2&&6&4 \\ \\ \hline\end{array}×​H​T311​O622​..​Tth36​Hth24​​​​


Add a zero to the hundredths column (to account for the thirty) and multiply each digit of the decimal by three.

​HTO.TthHth6.32×3211264118960\begin{array}{cccc}&\text{H}& \text{T} & \text{O} &.&\text{Tth} & \text{Hth} \\&& & 6 & . &3&2 \\\times& & 3& 2&&& \\ \hline&&^11&2&&6&4 \\ &^11&8&9&&6&0 \\ \hline\end{array}×​H11​T3118​O6229​..​Tth366​Hth240​​​​


Add together each result and add back in the decimal.

​HTO.TthHth6.32×32112.641189.60121012.24\begin{array}{cccc}&\text{H}& \text{T} & \text{O} &.&\text{Tth} & \text{Hth} \\&& & 6 & . &3&2 \\\times& & 3& 2&&& \\ \hline&&^11&2&.&6&4 \\ &^11&8&9&.&6&0 \\ \hline&^12&^10&^12&.&2&4\end{array}×​H1112​T311810​O622912​.....​Tth3662​Hth2404​​


​​6.32×32=202.24‾6.32\times32=\underline{202.24}6.32×32=202.24​​​


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Learn with Basics

Learn the basics with theory units and practise what you learned with exercise sets!
Length:
Counting in powers of 10

Unit 1

Counting in powers of 10

Multiplying and dividing decimals by 10, 100 and 1000

Unit 2

Multiplying and dividing decimals by 10, 100 and 1000

Jump Ahead

Score 80% to jump directly to the final unit.

Optional

Multiplying decimals by whole numbers

Unit 3

Multiplying decimals by whole numbers

Final Test

Test reviewing all units to claim a reward planet.

Create an account to complete the exercises

FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions

How do I multiply a decimal by a whole number?

To multiply a decimal by a whole number, use long multiplication as follows: 1. Set out the calculation. 2. Multiply each digit of the decimal number by the each digit of the whole number from right to left. 3. Carrying where required, write out the answer to each one below the other in the answer space, using the correct place value columns. 4. Add back in the decimal, positioned directly under the decimal column.

How do I multiply a decimal by a one-digit number?

To multiply a decimal by a one-digit number, use short multiplication as follows: 1. Set out the calculation: - Write out the place value columns and a column for the decimal point. - Place the decimal's digits in the correct columns and the whole number underneath in the ones column. 2. Multiply each digit of the decimal number by the single digit from right to left. 3. Carrying when required, write out the answer in the space below, using the correct place value columns. 4. Add back in the decimal point, positioned directly under the decimal column.

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