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Multiplying 2 and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number

Multiplying 2 and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number

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Summary

Multiplying 2 and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number

​​In a nutshell

​It is common to use written methods when multiplying three-digit numbers and trickier two-digit numbers by a one-digit number, however, mental methods are still very useful.



Written methods

Short multiplication is a common written method for multiplying two- and three-digit numbers by a one-digit number.


Short multiplication

Using columns to set out and calculate, short multiplication is a quick way to work out multiplication calculations.


PROCEDURE

1.

Set out the calculation: 

  • Align the ones one below the other ones and write out the rest of the digits in columns.
  • Draw a line beneath and a multiplication symbol to the left.

2.

Multiply each digit of the two/three-digit number by the single digit from right to left.

3.

Below the line in the answer space, write the unit digit of each calculation and carry over into the next column if required.



Example

Work out 132×4132\times4132×4.


Set out the calculation.

Maths; Multiplication and division; KS2 Year 4; Multiplying 2 and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number




Multiply each digit of the two/three-digit number by the single digit from right to left.

2×4=83×4=121×4=4\begin{aligned}\\&2\times4=8\\&3\times4 = 12\\&1\times4=4\end{aligned}​2×4=83×4=121×4=4​​

Place the 888 in the ones column.

2\times4=8

Maths; Multiplication and division; KS2 Year 4; Multiplying 2 and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number


Place the 222 in the tens column and carry the one.

Maths; Multiplication and division; KS2 Year 4; Multiplying 2 and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number


Add the carried 111 and place 555 in the final column.

Maths; Multiplication and division; KS2 Year 4; Multiplying 2 and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number

​132×4=528‾132\times4=\underline{528}132×4=528​


Note: Mental methods such as partitioning, breaking down and taking away from a round number can also be used for multiplication involving a three-digit number and a one-digit number.


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Learn with Basics

Learn the basics with theory units and practise what you learned with exercise sets!
Length:
Multiplying and dividing by 2, 3, 4 and 8

Unit 1

Multiplying and dividing by 2, 3, 4 and 8

Multiplying a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number

Unit 2

Multiplying a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number

Jump Ahead

Score 80% to jump directly to the final unit.

Optional

Multiplying 2 and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number

Unit 3

Multiplying 2 and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number

Final Test

Test reviewing all units to claim a reward planet.

Create an account to complete the exercises

FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions

What is short multiplication?

Short multiplication is a common written method for multiplying two and three-digit numbers by a one-digit number. Using columns to set out and calculate, it is a quick way to work out multiplication calculations.

How do I use short multiplication?

To use short multiplication, follow the steps: 1. Set out the calculation: - Align the ones one below the other ones and write out the rest of the digits in columns. - Draw a line beneath and a multiplication symbol to the left. 2. Multiply each digit of the two/three-digit number by the single digit from right to left. 3. Below the line in the answer space, write the unit digit of each calculation and carry over into the next column if required.

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