Using discourse markers

In a nutshell

Discourse markers are used to direct or redirect writing without adding significant meaning. The discourse markers in most sentences are syntactically independent, which means they do not affect the sentence structure when they are removed but serve as a way to move your writing forward.

Types of discourse markers

There are multiple types of discourse markers with different purposes and effects on your writing.

Type	Definition	Example
Comparing and contrasting	Using these words and phrases will help you to compare or contrast two things or to present alternatives.	In the same way Nevertheless Whereas On the contrary Equally
Giving examples	These can be used to introduce evidence and examples.	For example As shown by Such as As we can see from For instance
Time structure	These introduce a time order in your writing, allowing for a sequence of events.	To begin with First of all Finally After this Secondly In the end
Emphasis	Speaking or writing can sometimes require emphasis on a specific point.	As a matter of fact To say the least Actually I must admit To be honest Indeed
Cause and effect	These phrases introduce the direct effects of action.	As a result of Because This has the effect of Consequently Thanks to
Addition	These are used to add to a point.	As well as Additionally On top of this What’s more Furthermore
Conclude	These can be used to finalise your point.	In conclusion To wrap up In summary What this all means is

How to use them

It's important to know when to use and when to omit discourse markers in order to avoid sounding unnatural or formal. In your writing, check:

Rather than always starting a sentence with these words and phrases, have you varied their placement?
Is the purpose of your writing clear without repeating markers too often?
Is your argument logically built up with linking words and phrases?