Themes of modern texts

​​In a nutshell

The period after 1914 marked a significant turning point in literary history, as authors began to explore new ideas and perspectives, reflecting the complexities of the rapidly changing world. The themes that emerged during this time hold immense importance, resonating with readers from all walks of life. By delving into these themes and analysing their representation in the chosen texts, you'll gain not only a deeper understanding of each text, but also provides a profound insight into the human experience and the challenges faced in the modern era.

Social class and inequality

In the realm of modern literature, one of the most prevalent themes is the portrayal of social class and its accompanying inequalities. As the world underwent radical transformations with industrialisation, urbanisation, and social upheavals, authors of the modern period keenly observed the widening chasm between the haves and the have-nots. Through their literary prowess, they skilfully wove narratives that exposed the stark contrasts between the privileged and the marginalised, casting light on the intricacies of societal hierarchy and its profound impact on individual lives.

Example

In "An Inspector Calls" by J.B. Priestley, where the opulent Birling family's world collides with the tragic fate of the working-class girl, Eva Smith. This collision exposes the harsh realities of social injustice, prompting readers to question their own roles in such a society. Similarly, in "Blood Brothers" by Willy Russell, the tale of fraternal twins separated by social class portrays how circumstances shaped by societal norms can lead to devastating consequences.

Identity and self-discovery

The theme of identity and self-discovery is a poignant and resonant motif that pervades modern literature, reflecting the profound cultural and social shifts of the 20th and 21st centuries. As societies experienced rapid changes and individuals grappled with evolving norms and expectations, authors used their narratives to explore the complexities of personal identity and the search for authenticity in an ever-changing world.

In the aftermath of two World Wars, the questioning of traditional values, and the rise of consumer culture, the notion of identity underwent a profound transformation. Modern texts presented characters who, like the societies around them, were in a state of flux, grappling with their roles, beliefs, and aspirations. These characters embarked on transformative journeys of self-discovery, mirroring the tumultuous era they inhabited.

Example

"The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time" by Mark Haddon / Simon Stephens follows Christopher, an autistic teenager, as he sets out to investigate the murder of a neighbour's dog, inadvertently leading him to understand himself better and confront the challenges posed by his condition. "Never Let Me Go" by Kazuo Ishiguro delves into the poignant tale of clones who grapple with their identities, questioning the purpose of their existence and struggling against a fate determined by others.

Power and corruption

Modern literature keenly delves into the complexities of power dynamics and the insidious nature of corruption. Emerging in an era marked by two World Wars, the Great Depression, and the rise of authoritarian regimes, writers found themselves grappling with the dark consequences of unchecked authority and the fragility of societal norms. The aftermath of the World Wars witnessed unprecedented shifts in political power, economic structures, and social hierarchies. Authors sought to unravel the multifaceted nature of power and its impact on individuals and societies.

Example

In George Orwell's "Animal Farm," the allegorical portrayal of farm animals overthrowing their human oppressor reveals how power can corrupt even the noblest intentions. As the pigs gradually manipulate the principles of Animalism for their own benefit, readers confront the darker aspects of human nature. Similarly, in William Golding's "Lord of the Flies," the descent into savagery by a group of boys stranded on a deserted island demonstrates the corrupting influence of power and the fragility of societal norms.

Fear and the supernatural

The exploration of fear and the supernatural remains a captivating theme in modern literature. The modern period, characterised by rapid technological advancements and shifting societal norms, presented writers with a fresh set of anxieties and uncertainties. As the world became more interconnected, people found themselves confronting new fears, from the potential dangers of scientific progress to the looming threat of global conflicts. In response, literature became a medium through which these apprehensions could be explored and exorcised.

Example

Susan Hill's "The Woman in Black" immerses readers in a haunting atmosphere as they encounter spine-chilling ghostly encounters. The novel delves into the unsettling fear of the unknown, prompting introspection into the darker recesses of the human mind. In "The History Boys" by Alan Bennett, fear manifests in the students' pursuit of academic excellence, where the pressure to succeed becomes an ever-present spectre.
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