Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl (−COOH) functional group. They are always found at the end of the carbon chain (C1) and have the suffix '-oic acid' when naming them.
Example
Weak acids
Carboxylic acids are weak acids because they partially dissociate in water.
RCOOH⇌RCOO−+H+
The equilibrium lies to the left as most of the carboxylic acid does not dissociate.
Hydrogen bonds
Due to the polarised nature of the carboxyl group, hydrogen bonds are formed between the partially negative oxygen atoms and partially positive hydrogen atoms. This allows smaller carboxylic acids to be soluble in water as they are able to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
Reactions of carboxylic acids
Here are a few reactions of carboxylic acids you need to know.
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FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions
Why can carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds?
Carboxylic acids can form hydrogen bonds due to the polarised nature of the carboxyl group. Hydrogen bonds are formed between the partially negative oxygen atoms and partially positive hydrogen atoms.
Why are carboxylic acids classed as weak acids?
Carboxylic acids are weak acids because they partially dissociate in water.
What functional group do carboxylic acids have?
Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl (−COOH) functional group.