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The relationship between health and disease

The relationship between health and disease

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Investigating specimens using microscopes

Investigating the effect of pH on amylase activity

Investigating molecules in food using food tests

Investigating osmosis in potatoes

Investigating the effect of antimicrobials

Investigating limiting factors of photosynthesis

Investigating the rate of respiration

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Pollution indicators - Higher

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Specialised exchange surfaces

Factors affecting the rate of diffusion

Human circulatory system

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Animal coordination, control and homeostasis

The human endocrine system

Hormones: adrenaline and thyroxine - Higher

Hormones in human reproduction

Treating infertility - Higher

Homeostasis and blood glucose

Controlling body temperature

The urinary system

Plant structures and their functions

Photosynthesis and limiting factors

Factors limiting the rate of photosynthesis - Higher

Water and mineral transport in plants

Plant adaptations

Plant hormones

Health, disease and the development of medicines

The relationship between health and disease

Communicable disease

Sexually transmitted infections

How the body fights disease

Vaccination, immunisation and medicines

Aseptic techniques

Drug development and testing

Monoclonal antibodies and their uses - Higher

Non-communicable diseases

Calculating BMI and the waist-to-hip ratio

Cardiovascular disease and treatment

Plant defences and diseases

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Fossils as evidence for evolution

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Protein synthesis - Higher

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The human genome project

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The nervous system and the reflex arc

The eye: structure, reflexes and defects

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Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

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Explainer Video

Tutor: Priya

Summary

The relationship between health and disease

In a nutshell

There are two main types of diseases: communicable and non-communicable. One disease can lead to other physical and mental health issues. Several factors can impact one's health.

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Health and disease

Health is a state of physical and mental wellbeing, not simply being free from disease. However, diseases are often responsible for causing poor health. Diseases are disorders that can prevent parts of the body from functioning properly. There are two main groups of diseases: communicable and non-communicable.


Disease

Description

Examples

Communicable 
They are caused by pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi. They can be spread between people or between animals.
Malaria, measles and COVID-19.
Non-communicable 
They are not transferred between people or animals.
Coronary heart disease, cancer and diabetes.




Complications and interactions

Diseases can often lead to other physical and mental health issues. 


Examples
  • Viruses infect cells in the body and can potentially lead to various types of cancer (e.g. the human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer).
  • People who have problems with their immune system are more likely to suffer from communicable diseases, as they are less able to fight off pathogens.
  • Having a physical health problem can lead to mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety.
  • A pathogen may cause an immune system reaction which can lead to an allergic reaction. This can present as a skin rash or a worsening of asthma symptoms in some people.



Factors affecting health

There are other factors that can have a great impact on both physical and mental health. Some of these factors are explained below.


Factor

Explanation

Diet​
Having a poor diet may result in the body being malnourished and lead to deficiencies in important nutrients.
Stress
Being under lots of stress can lead to poor health.
Life circumstances
One's life situations can affect how easily someone can access healthcare and other amenities.
Lifestyle
This includes drugs and alcohol and can have a negative impact on health.


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How the body fights disease

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How the body fights disease

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The relationship between health and disease

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The relationship between health and disease

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FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions

What are non-communicable diseases?

Non-communicable diseases are not transferred between people or animals. Examples of these include coronary heart disease, cancer and diabetes.

What are communicable diseases?

Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi. They can be spread between people or between animals.

How can diet impact health?

Having a poor diet may result in the body being malnourished and lead to deficiencies in important nutrients.

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