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Investigating specimens using microscopes
Investigating the effect of antimicrobials
Investigating osmosis in potatoes
Investigating the effect of pH on amylase activity
Investigating molecules in food using food tests
Investigating limiting factors of photosynthesis
Investigating human reaction times
Investigating seed growth under different conditions
Using field-work techniques
Investigating the effect of temperature on decay
Ecosystems, competition and environmental changes
Adaptations and extremophiles
Food chains and predator-prey graphs
The water cycle
The carbon cycle
Decomposition and biogas
Human impacts on biodiversity
Global warming and its consequences
Conservation and maintaining biodiversity
Trophic levels and biomass transfer
Food security and biotechnology
DNA: structure, genes and chromosomes
Protein synthesis - Higher
Proteins and mutations
Meiosis, sexual and asexual reproduction
Sexual and asexual reproduction
Inheritance and genetic diagrams
Inherited disorders
Types and sources of variation
Evolution by natural selection
Evolution: Darwin, Lamarck and Wallace
Antibiotic resistance: causes and prevention
Selective breeding
Uses and evaluation of genetic engineering
The process of genetic engineering - Higher
Cloning in plants and animals
Fossils as evidence for evolution
The theory of speciation
Classifying living organisms
Homeostasis and blood glucose
The nervous system and the reflex arc
The structure of the brain
The eye: structure, reflexes and defects
Controlling body temperature
The human endocrine system
Hormones: adrenaline and thyroxine - Higher
The urinary system
Hormones in human reproduction
Treating infertility - Higher
Plant hormones
Cell organisation
Enzymes
The enzymes of the digestive system
The respiratory system and breathing rate
Human circulatory system
Cardiovascular disease and treatment
The relationship between health and disease
Non-communicable diseases
Cancer and its risk factors
Plant cell organisation
Water and mineral transport in plants
Genes code for different sequences of amino acids, which are the small molecules that make up proteins. These different amino acid sequences form different types of proteins. The type and combination of proteins is what ultimately makes up a characteristic.
Each strand of DNA contains bases. These are the units that make up the genetic code. DNA contains four bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine; or A, T, C and G for short.
A gene is a small section of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids for a specific characteristic.
Beta