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Chemistry

KS5 Year 12

Chemistry

KS5 Year 12

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Chapter Overview

Exam Board

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    Practical skillsAnalysisSynthesisAmines and polymersAromatic chemistry and carbonylsTransition metalsRedox and cellsEnthalpy and entropyAcids and basesRates and equilibriumOrganic synthesis and analysisAlcohols and haloalkanesOrganic chemistry - the basicsEnthalpy and reaction ratesThe periodic tableBonding and structureAtoms, equations and reactions

113 Lessons

678 Exercises

Practical skills

See All (6)
The scientific method
The scientific method
Length

Overview

Learning Goals

    Overview
    Learn
    How to plan experiments
    How to plan experiments
    Length

    Overview

    Learning Goals

      Overview
      Learn
      Improving repeatability and reproducibility
      Improving repeatability and reproducibility
      Length

      Overview

      Learning Goals

        Overview
        Learn
        Presenting results using tables and graphs
        Presenting results using tables and graphs
        Length

        Overview

        Learning Goals

          Overview
          Learn
          Analysing results: anomalies and correlation
          Analysing results: anomalies and correlation
          Length

          Overview

          Learning Goals

            Overview
            Learn
            Evaluating experiments
            Evaluating experiments
            Length

            Overview

            Learning Goals

              Overview
              Learn

              Analysis

              See All (5)
              Testing for functional groups
              Testing for functional groups
              Length

              Overview

              Learning Goals

                Overview
                Learn
                Chromatography
                Chromatography
                Length

                Overview

                Learning Goals

                  Overview
                  Learn
                  NMR spectroscopy
                  NMR spectroscopy
                  Length

                  Overview

                  Learning Goals

                    Overview
                    Learn
                    Proton NMR spectroscopy
                    Proton NMR spectroscopy
                    Length

                    Overview

                    Learning Goals

                      Overview
                      Learn
                      Combining analytical techniques
                      Combining analytical techniques
                      Length

                      Overview

                      Learning Goals

                        Overview
                        Learn

                        Synthesis

                        See All (4)
                        Carbon-Carbon bond formation
                        Carbon-Carbon bond formation
                        Length

                        Overview

                        Learning Goals

                          Overview
                          Learn
                          Nitrile reactions and synthetic routes
                          Nitrile reactions and synthetic routes
                          Length

                          Overview

                          Learning Goals

                            Overview
                            Learn
                            Practical techniques
                            Practical techniques
                            Length

                            Overview

                            Learning Goals

                              Overview
                              Learn
                              Synthetic routes
                              Synthetic routes
                              Length

                              Overview

                              Learning Goals

                                Overview
                                Learn

                                Amines and polymers

                                See All (6)
                                Aliphatic and aromatic amines
                                Aliphatic and aromatic amines
                                Length

                                Overview

                                Learning Goals

                                  Overview
                                  Learn
                                  Reactions of amines
                                  Reactions of amines
                                  Length

                                  Overview

                                  Learning Goals

                                    Overview
                                    Learn
                                    Forming amides
                                    Forming amides
                                    Length

                                    Overview

                                    Learning Goals

                                      Overview
                                      Learn
                                      Optical isomers and chirality
                                      Optical isomers and chirality
                                      Length

                                      Overview

                                      Learning Goals

                                        Overview
                                        Learn
                                        Condensation polymers
                                        Condensation polymers
                                        Length

                                        Overview

                                        Learning Goals

                                          Overview
                                          Learn
                                          Acid and base hydrolysis of polymers
                                          Acid and base hydrolysis of polymers
                                          Length

                                          Overview

                                          Learning Goals

                                            Overview
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                                            Aromatic chemistry and carbonyls

                                            See All (8)
                                            Benzene: structure and combustion
                                            Benzene: structure and combustion
                                            Length

                                            Overview

                                            Learning Goals

                                              Overview
                                              Learn
                                              Electrophilic substitution
                                              Electrophilic substitution
                                              Length

                                              Overview

                                              Learning Goals

                                                Overview
                                                Learn
                                                Friedel-Crafts reactions
                                                Friedel-Crafts reactions
                                                Length

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                                                Learning Goals

                                                  Overview
                                                  Learn
                                                  Phenols
                                                  Phenols
                                                  Length

                                                  Overview

                                                  Learning Goals

                                                    Overview
                                                    Learn
                                                    Aldehydes and ketones
                                                    Aldehydes and ketones
                                                    Length

                                                    Overview

                                                    Learning Goals

                                                      Overview
                                                      Learn
                                                      Carboxylic acids: properties and reactions
                                                      Carboxylic acids: properties and reactions
                                                      Length

                                                      Overview

                                                      Learning Goals

                                                        Overview
                                                        Learn
                                                        Acyl chlorides: formation and reactions
                                                        Acyl chlorides: formation and reactions
                                                        Length

                                                        Overview

                                                        Learning Goals

                                                          Overview
                                                          Learn
                                                          Esters: formation, properties and uses
                                                          Esters: formation, properties and uses
                                                          Length

                                                          Overview

                                                          Learning Goals

                                                            Overview
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                                                            Transition metals

                                                            See All (6)
                                                            Transition metals: electron configuration and oxidation number
                                                            Transition metals: electron configuration and oxidation number
                                                            Length

                                                            Overview

                                                            Learning Goals

                                                              Overview
                                                              Learn
                                                              Complex ions: formation, shape and isomerism
                                                              Complex ions: formation, shape and isomerism
                                                              Length

                                                              Overview

                                                              Learning Goals

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                                                                Learn
                                                                Colours of inorganic ions and complexes
                                                                Colours of inorganic ions and complexes
                                                                Length

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                                                                  Ligand substitution reactions
                                                                  Ligand substitution reactions
                                                                  Length

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                                                                    Redox reactions of complex ions
                                                                    Redox reactions of complex ions
                                                                    Length

                                                                    Overview

                                                                    Learning Goals

                                                                      Overview
                                                                      Learn
                                                                      Transition metals as catalysts
                                                                      Transition metals as catalysts
                                                                      Length

                                                                      Overview

                                                                      Learning Goals

                                                                        Overview
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                                                                        Redox and cells

                                                                        See All (5)
                                                                        Redox titrations
                                                                        Redox titrations
                                                                        Length

                                                                        Overview

                                                                        Learning Goals

                                                                          Overview
                                                                          Learn
                                                                          Electrochemical cells and redox
                                                                          Electrochemical cells and redox
                                                                          Length

                                                                          Overview

                                                                          Learning Goals

                                                                            Overview
                                                                            Learn
                                                                            Electrode potentials and calculations
                                                                            Electrode potentials and calculations
                                                                            Length

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                                                                            Learning Goals

                                                                              Overview
                                                                              Learn
                                                                              The electrochemical series
                                                                              The electrochemical series
                                                                              Length

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                                                                                Overview
                                                                                Learn
                                                                                Energy storage cells and hydrogen fuel cells
                                                                                Energy storage cells and hydrogen fuel cells
                                                                                Length

                                                                                Overview

                                                                                Learning Goals

                                                                                  Overview
                                                                                  Learn

                                                                                  Enthalpy and entropy

                                                                                  See All (5)
                                                                                  Lattice enthalpies and Born-Haber cycles
                                                                                  Lattice enthalpies and Born-Haber cycles
                                                                                  Length

                                                                                  Overview

                                                                                  Learning Goals

                                                                                    Overview
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                                                                                    Polarisation and the Pauling scale
                                                                                    Polarisation and the Pauling scale
                                                                                    Length

                                                                                    Overview

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                                                                                      Overview
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                                                                                      Enthalpy change in solution
                                                                                      Enthalpy change in solution
                                                                                      Length

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                                                                                      Learning Goals

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                                                                                        Entropy and calculating entropy change
                                                                                        Entropy and calculating entropy change
                                                                                        Length

                                                                                        Overview

                                                                                        Learning Goals

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                                                                                          Gibbs free energy change
                                                                                          Gibbs free energy change
                                                                                          Length

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                                                                                            Acids and bases

                                                                                            See All (5)
                                                                                            Acids and bases
                                                                                            Acids and bases
                                                                                            Length

                                                                                            Overview

                                                                                            Learning Goals

                                                                                              Overview
                                                                                              Learn
                                                                                              pH calculations
                                                                                              pH calculations
                                                                                              Length

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                                                                                              Learning Goals

                                                                                                Overview
                                                                                                Learn
                                                                                                The ionic product of water
                                                                                                The ionic product of water
                                                                                                Length

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                                                                                                  Buffer solutions and calculations
                                                                                                  Buffer solutions and calculations
                                                                                                  Length

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                                                                                                    pH curves and indicators
                                                                                                    pH curves and indicators
                                                                                                    Length

                                                                                                    Overview

                                                                                                    Learning Goals

                                                                                                      Overview
                                                                                                      Learn

                                                                                                      Rates and equilibrium

                                                                                                      See All (9)
                                                                                                      Measuring rates of reaction
                                                                                                      Measuring rates of reaction
                                                                                                      Length

                                                                                                      Overview

                                                                                                      Learning Goals

                                                                                                        Overview
                                                                                                        Learn
                                                                                                        Determining reaction orders
                                                                                                        Determining reaction orders
                                                                                                        Length

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                                                                                                          The initial rates method
                                                                                                          The initial rates method
                                                                                                          Length

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                                                                                                            Rate equations and the rate constant
                                                                                                            Rate equations and the rate constant
                                                                                                            Length

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                                                                                                              The rate determining step
                                                                                                              The rate determining step
                                                                                                              Length

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                                                                                                                Activation energy and the Arrhenius equation
                                                                                                                Activation energy and the Arrhenius equation
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                                                                                                                  Equilibrium constant calculations
                                                                                                                  Equilibrium constant calculations
                                                                                                                  Length

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                                                                                                                    Partial pressure and gas equilibria
                                                                                                                    Partial pressure and gas equilibria
                                                                                                                    Length

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                                                                                                                      Le Chatelier's principle and equilibrium constants
                                                                                                                      Le Chatelier's principle and equilibrium constants
                                                                                                                      Length

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                                                                                                                        Organic synthesis and analysis

                                                                                                                        Mass spectrometry
                                                                                                                        Mass spectrometry
                                                                                                                        Length

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                                                                                                                          IR spectroscopy
                                                                                                                          IR spectroscopy
                                                                                                                          Length

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                                                                                                                            Organic techniques
                                                                                                                            Organic techniques
                                                                                                                            Length

                                                                                                                            Overview

                                                                                                                            Learning Goals

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                                                                                                                              Alcohols and haloalkanes

                                                                                                                              See All (5)
                                                                                                                              Alcohol: classification and reactions
                                                                                                                              Alcohol: classification and reactions
                                                                                                                              Length

                                                                                                                              Overview

                                                                                                                              Learning Goals

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                                                                                                                                Oxidation of alcohols
                                                                                                                                Oxidation of alcohols
                                                                                                                                Length

                                                                                                                                Overview

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                                                                                                                                  Learn
                                                                                                                                  Halogenoalkanes and their reactions
                                                                                                                                  Halogenoalkanes and their reactions
                                                                                                                                  Length

                                                                                                                                  Overview

                                                                                                                                  Learning Goals

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                                                                                                                                    Haloalkanes and the environment
                                                                                                                                    Haloalkanes and the environment
                                                                                                                                    Length

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                                                                                                                                      The greenhouse effect and global warming
                                                                                                                                      The greenhouse effect and global warming
                                                                                                                                      Length

                                                                                                                                      Overview

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                                                                                                                                        Organic chemistry - the basics

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                                                                                                                                        Basic concepts of organic chemistry
                                                                                                                                        Basic concepts of organic chemistry
                                                                                                                                        Length

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                                                                                                                                          Organic reactions and mechanisms
                                                                                                                                          Organic reactions and mechanisms
                                                                                                                                          Length

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                                                                                                                                            Structural isomerism
                                                                                                                                            Structural isomerism
                                                                                                                                            Length

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                                                                                                                                              Alkanes and free radical substitution
                                                                                                                                              Alkanes and free radical substitution
                                                                                                                                              Length

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                                                                                                                                                Alkenes: bonding and reactivity
                                                                                                                                                Alkenes: bonding and reactivity
                                                                                                                                                Length

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                                                                                                                                                Learning Goals

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                                                                                                                                                  Stereoisomerism
                                                                                                                                                  Stereoisomerism
                                                                                                                                                  Length

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                                                                                                                                                    Reactions of alkenes
                                                                                                                                                    Reactions of alkenes
                                                                                                                                                    Length

                                                                                                                                                    Overview

                                                                                                                                                    Learning Goals

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                                                                                                                                                      Addition polymerisation
                                                                                                                                                      Addition polymerisation
                                                                                                                                                      Length

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                                                                                                                                                        Learn

                                                                                                                                                        Enthalpy and reaction rates

                                                                                                                                                        See All (10)
                                                                                                                                                        Enthalpy changes and reaction profiles
                                                                                                                                                        Enthalpy changes and reaction profiles
                                                                                                                                                        Length

                                                                                                                                                        Overview

                                                                                                                                                        Learning Goals

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                                                                                                                                                          Learn
                                                                                                                                                          Standard enthalpy changes
                                                                                                                                                          Standard enthalpy changes
                                                                                                                                                          Length

                                                                                                                                                          Overview

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                                                                                                                                                            Learn
                                                                                                                                                            Calculating bond enthalpies
                                                                                                                                                            Calculating bond enthalpies
                                                                                                                                                            Length

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                                                                                                                                                            Learning Goals

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                                                                                                                                                              Learn
                                                                                                                                                              Hess's Law and enthalpy cycles
                                                                                                                                                              Hess's Law and enthalpy cycles
                                                                                                                                                              Length

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                                                                                                                                                                Collision theory and rates of reaction
                                                                                                                                                                Collision theory and rates of reaction
                                                                                                                                                                Length

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                                                                                                                                                                  Learn
                                                                                                                                                                  Calculating the rate of reaction
                                                                                                                                                                  Calculating the rate of reaction
                                                                                                                                                                  Length

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                                                                                                                                                                    Catalysts and the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
                                                                                                                                                                    Catalysts and the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
                                                                                                                                                                    Length

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                                                                                                                                                                      Reversible reactions
                                                                                                                                                                      Reversible reactions
                                                                                                                                                                      Length

                                                                                                                                                                      Overview

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                                                                                                                                                                        Le Chatelier's principle
                                                                                                                                                                        Le Chatelier's principle
                                                                                                                                                                        Length

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                                                                                                                                                                          The equilibrium constant
                                                                                                                                                                          The equilibrium constant
                                                                                                                                                                          Length

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                                                                                                                                                                          Learning Goals

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                                                                                                                                                                            The periodic table

                                                                                                                                                                            See All (10)
                                                                                                                                                                            The arrangement of the periodic table
                                                                                                                                                                            The arrangement of the periodic table
                                                                                                                                                                            Length

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                                                                                                                                                                              Ionisation energies
                                                                                                                                                                              Ionisation energies
                                                                                                                                                                              Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                Ionisation energy trends
                                                                                                                                                                                Ionisation energy trends
                                                                                                                                                                                Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                  Periodicity
                                                                                                                                                                                  Periodicity
                                                                                                                                                                                  Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                    Giant covalent and metallic structures
                                                                                                                                                                                    Giant covalent and metallic structures
                                                                                                                                                                                    Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                      Predicting structures and properties
                                                                                                                                                                                      Predicting structures and properties
                                                                                                                                                                                      Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                        Group 2: ionisation energy and properties
                                                                                                                                                                                        Group 2: ionisation energy and properties
                                                                                                                                                                                        Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                          Chemical properties of Group 7
                                                                                                                                                                                          Chemical properties of Group 7
                                                                                                                                                                                          Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                            Reactions with halogens
                                                                                                                                                                                            Reactions with halogens
                                                                                                                                                                                            Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                              Testing for ions
                                                                                                                                                                                              Testing for ions
                                                                                                                                                                                              Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                Bonding and structure

                                                                                                                                                                                                See All (7)
                                                                                                                                                                                                Electronic structure: shells and orbitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                Electronic structure: shells and orbitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ionic bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ionic bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                    Covalent bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Covalent bonding
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                                                                                                                                                                                                      Shapes of molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Shapes of molecules
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                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electronegativity and polarisation
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electronegativity and polarisation
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                                                                                                                                                                                                          Intermolecular forces: types and examples
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Intermolecular forces: types and examples
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                                                                                                                                                                                                            Hydrogen bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Hydrogen bonding
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                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atoms, equations and reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                              See All (11)
                                                                                                                                                                                                              The atom: history, structure and isotopes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              The atom: history, structure and isotopes
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                Relative masses and mass spectrometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Relative masses and mass spectrometry
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The mole and Avogadro's constant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The mole and Avogadro's constant
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Calculations involving gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Calculations involving gases
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Empirical and molecular formulae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Empirical and molecular formulae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Balancing equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Balancing equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Formulae for crystals and salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Formulae for crystals and salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Acid-base titrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Acid-base titrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atom economy and percentage yield
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atom economy and percentage yield
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculating oxidation numbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculating oxidation numbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Oxidation, reduction and redox reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Oxidation, reduction and redox reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Length

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Learning Goals

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Popular Chapters in All Year Groups

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Global challenges

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Key concepts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Chemical reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Atomic structure and the periodic table

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Elements, compounds and mixtures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Organic chemistry I

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Atomic structure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Chemistry practicals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bonding and structure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Enthalpy and reaction rates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The periodic table

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Rates and equilibrium

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Aromatic chemistry and carbonyls

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Acids and bases

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